WG-EMM-00

The paper describes the criteria, based on the multiple frequency analysis, used in the Italian expeditions to the Ross Sea to discriminate Euphausia superba (krill) aggregations from Euphausia crystallorophias ones and from other scatters. They are based on the experimental data acquired in the expeditions 1989/90, 1997/98 and 1999/2000. These criteria are presented, discussed, compared with Read More
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A precautionary catch limit for krill was established for CCAMLR Division 58.4.1 in 1996 based on the results of an acoustic survey (BROKE) of the southernmost 873,000 km2 of this area (CCAMLR 1996). Detailed subsequent analysis of the results of this survey have indicated that Division 58.4.1 is not meridionally homogeneous in its oceanographic or biological characteristics. Division 58.4.1 Read More
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Diving animals offer a unique opportunity to study the importance of physiological constraint in their everyday behaviors. An important component of the physiological capability of any diving animal is it’s aerobic dive limit (ADL). The ADL has only been measured in a few species. The goal of this study was to estimate the aerobic dive limit from measurements of body oxygen stores and at sea Read More
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Positions of commercial krill operation for 1980/81 season to 1998/99 season in the area to the north of South Shetland Islands were analyzed by using GLM (generalized linear model). Fishing season, the timing, and the longitude were significant factors to explain the variability of latitudes where operations were undertaken. Operations tended take place in the north in early 1980s, but from Read More
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The CCAMLR Ecosystem Monitoring Program uses indices derived from data on indicator species and the environment collected by standard methods within the three Integrated Study Regions of the Convention Area. Standardised index values are re-calculated each year as new data become available, and trends and anomalies in these data are presented.

The diet of the South Georgia Shag Phalacrocorax georgianus at Laurie Island, South Orkney Islands, was studied by the analysis of 337 pellets (regurgitated casts) collected during the 1995, 1996, 1997 and 1998 breeding seasons. Demersal-benthic fish were by far the main prey, followed by molluscs (mainly octopods and bivalves) and polychaetes. Harpagifer antarcticus (in 1995 and 1998) and Read More
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This paper examines the foraging behaviour of Adélie penguin parents and the provisioning of their chicks during the guard and crèche stages of chick development. The differences, observed in three poor breeding seasons compared with six seasons where a higher fledging success was achieved, are highlighted. A continuous collection of data on foraging trip duration and meal mass (arrival weight Read More
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During the XIII Italian Expedition to the Ross Sea in late spring and early summer (December-January 1997-98), for biological validation of hydroacoustic recordings, 35 net samplings were carried out. For all hauls both parameters: biological (length AT, sex and maturity stage of the gonads of the Euphausia superba) and acoustical (differences in volume back-scattering strength of krill Read More
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The development of CEMP indices derived from visual data (indices F1, F3 and F4), automatic weather stations and satellite imagery is explored with reference to the CEMP sites at Edmonson Point (Terra Nova Bay, Ross Sea, Subarea 88.1) and Béchervaise Island (Mawson, Eastern Antarctica, Division 58.4.2). Possible links between the extent or sea-ice adjacent to CEMP sites, weather conditions at Read More
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The paper covers the-results of an acoustic estimation of distribution for krill and non-krill zooplankton within the area of South Sandwich Islands that has been obtained with multy-frequencies algorithms according to the data on survey by Russian vessel ATLANTIDA under CCAMLR Survey-2000. Distribution of acoustic characteristics for krill and non-krill fractions of antarctic zooplankton has Read More
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In 1998 the 2nd Ukrainian Marine Complex Antarctic Expedition (UMCAE) on board scientific research vessel "Ernst Krenkel" took place in the western part of the Atlantic sector of the Antarctic. It was arranged by the Ukrainian Antarctic Center of the Ministry for Affairs of Science and Technologies of Ukraine. The preliminary analysis of the data compiled allows revealing some specific Read More
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The diet of breeding Antarctic shags Phalacrocorax bransfieldensis was investigated at four colonies at the Danco Coast, Antarctic Peninsula, by the analysis of 616 pellets (regurgitated casts) collected from December 1997 to February 1998. Overall, demersal-benthic fish were the most frequent and important prey at all the colonies sampled, followed by octopods and gastropods. Among fish, Read More
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The analysis of fishing data obtained from the ship’s log of the Polish commercial vessel M/T Pollux facilitated the characterization of catches and concentrations of krill between February and June from 1997 to 1999 in statistical area 48. Records from each haul were used for analysis and since the vessel carried out catches along with other Polish vessels, the results describe Polish catches Read More
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To estimate the abundance and distribution of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) in the vicinity of South Shetland Islands (SSI), a hydroacoustic/oceanographic survey was conducted by the R/V Onnuri from 9 to 19 January 2000. The acoustic data were obtained using a Simrad EK500 echosounder operating at 38, 120, and 200 kHz, from 8 transects comprising the South Shetland Islands (SSI) Read More
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Late in 1999 and early in 2000 there was observed a significant shifting of Falkland Current core towards the shelf and abnormally large number of icebergs on the South Georgia Island shelf. In this connection, retrospective hydrometeorological data on the areas of South-West Atlantic Antarctic were examined from 1970 to 2000 March. The analysis of atmospheric pressure average monthly fields Read More
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Spawning by Antarctic fish is generally considered to be seasonal and restricted to a brief period during the autumn and winter. Arising from this it has been assumed that the gonadal maturation cycle is also closely tracked to the time of year. The gonad maturation cycle of the mackerel icefish, Champsocephalus gunnari, was investigated using data collected during research surveys and from Read More
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Basing on the analysis of major water mass boundaries and their thermochaline characteristics, T,S diagrams' typification has been realized for hydrological stations carried out in the area of South Orkney Isls and Shetland Isls in January-February since 1970. Three types of years have been singled out for the area of South Orkney Isls. The first type was characterized by presence of Read More
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There were carried out hydroacoustic, biological and oceanographic surveys in subarea 48.4 near South Sandwich Islands. The main water masses were revealed and their boundaries determined: waters of Antarctic Circumpolar Current, Weddell Sea and Secondary Frontal zone of Weddell Gyre. The schematic maps of geostrophic waters circulation are made. The joint analysis of environment parameters Read More
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The international CCAMLR Survey 2000 was conducted to support an updated estimate of the large scale krill biomass in the South Atlantic Sector of the Antarctic. Four vessels from Japan, Russia, the UK and the USA participated in the study during which 22 parallel hydroacoustic transects as well as four small scale shelf grids were investigated. Standard net tows were carried out during Read More
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Research on water structure and dynamics, krill biomass assessment, biology and distribution were carried out in two standard boxes on the shelf and slope northwest and northeast of South Georgia. Eight hydroacoustic transects with hydrographic stations and RMT8+1 trawls were carried out in each box. Krill were distributed rather evenly throughout both boxes, but no dense concentrations were Read More
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Fisheries targeting krill (Euphausia superba) in the CCAMLR Convention Area during 1998/99 caught 103318 t of krill, and preliminary information indicates that the catch in 1999/00 will exceed 82913 t. Krill caught in 1998/99 was taken in Subareas 48.1 (38% of total catch), 48.2 (49%) and 48.3 (13%). As in recent past years, only grounds in Area 48 were fished. Catch and effort data and Read More
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The Japanese stern trawler Chiyo maru No. 5 conducted krill fishing operations in CCAMLR Subarea 48.1 during February, 2000. Under an agreement by the Japanese and United States governments, a CCAMLR International Scientific Observer was present on the vessel. This paper presents much of the information collected in graphical form, and serves as a compliment to the Final Report of Scientific Read More
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The diet of the Snow Petrel Pagodroma nivea was investigated at Laurie Island, South Orkney Islands, (60¡46'S, 44¡42'W), Antarctica, over the period January-February of 1998. Stomach contents and regurgitates of adults were sampled during the chick-rearing period. Fish, followed by the Antarctic Krill Euphausia superba, were the main prey throughout the sampling period. Other crustaceans and Read More
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The data on sea birds distribution and abundance collected on the route Kaliningrad (Baltic Sea) - Falkland Isl. - South Georgia Isl.- South Sandwich Isl. - South Georgia Isl. - Montevideo - Kaliningrad from 1999 November to 2000 April are analyzed. Significant shift of the southern boundary range of the great shearwater Puffinus gravis up to South Sandwich Islands (about 7 degrees) is Read More
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Quickly studied and quantified were sources of uncertainty in the CCAMLR 2000 acoustical estimate of krill abundance in FAO statistical area 48. The variance in system calibration was evaluated in relation to the effects of variant water temperature and salinity on sound speed, sound absorption, and beam characteristics. Uncertainty in krill target strength (TS) was estimated using a distorted Read More
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Scientific observations on fishes and salps incidentally caught during commercial krill fisheries by F/V Niitaka Maru were made from 3 January to 4 February 1999 in the vicinity of the South Shetland Islands. Among 74 net hauls quantitatively examined, only a total of 5 specimens of juvenile fishes belonging to three notothenioid species, Notothenia coriiceps, Chaenocephalus aceratus and Read More
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Data of satellite monitoring (GOES-E) of the sea surface temperature (SST) and realtime data from vessels allow us to understand the hydrologic situation off South Georgia (Subarea 48.3) in December, 1999 - January, 2000. Using the database of the SST maps for 1990-1991 and the current standard weekly SST maps, we have developed mean monthly SST maps, maps of the SST anomalies, and maps of Read More
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Field studies were carried out at Bouvetøya from 9 December 1998 to 27 February 1999. The main objective for the 1998/99 expedition was to continue the CEMP-monitoring work initiated in 1996/97. The species monitored were Chinstrap Penguin (Pygoscelis antarctica), Macaroni Penguin (Eudyptes chrysolophus) and Antarctic Fur Seal (Arctocephalus gazella). In addition to the CEMP-work, other work Read More
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Net samples data from the 15th Italian Antarctic Oceanographic Cruise (Jan-Feb 2000) were analysed to obtain a general picture of the summer distribution pattern, abundance and demography of krill in the western Ross Sea (Antarctica). A midwater sampler-trawl (Hamburg Plankton Net) was used to collect zooplankton and fish larvae at 63 stations. The net was deployed normally as a standard Read More
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The relationship between krill abundance and predator performance is fundamental to an ecosystem based approach to resource management. We propose a method using krill sampled from the diet of predators to provide a length-frequency distribution of krill at times when it is possible to run automated ship-board acoustic systems but not to conduct scientific netting, i.e during logistic/re- Read More
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We present the beginnings of a compilation of a suite of physical and biological oceanographic data, and concomitant data on abundance and condition of some key zooplankton species and vertebrate higher predator species, collected at sea off South Georgia and from Bird Island between 1996 and 1999. We plan to use these data, some of which arise from the British Antarctic Survey's Core Read More
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This paper describes the current status and possible further development of the CCAMLR Website as it is used to support the work of WG-EMM.

A potential method is presented for combining data collected as part of the CCAMLR ecosystem monitoring program (CEMP) into a single index for each of predator, prey and environmental parameters. The paper is divided into four main parts. The first part develops the proposed method of forming summary indices, which is based on the usual theory of multivariate statistics and takes into account Read More
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Mackerel icefish are widespread on the South Georgia shelf, Antarctica and have been subject to commercial fishing since the early 1970s. They are known to feed predominantly on krill. An index of condition which uses the ratio of the measured total mass to the estimated mass is show to provide a good indicator of local krill density. The index is likely to be little affected by the Read More
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