The objective of the Convention is conservation, and conservation demands that threats to the Antarctic ecosystem are properly monitored and mitigated as necessary. Toxic compounds are an environmental threat with the potential to grow, because many of the elements and chemicals that constitute environmental toxins are often considered essential in constantly evolving industries and may, therefore, be released into the environment in increasing amounts. Further, many pollutants show toxic effects at low concentration, and can bioaccumulate and biomagnify in the trophic webs. Yet, the effects of such toxins on the status and trends of biota are rarely articulated as a concern.
Here, we report on mercury (Hg) and phenolic compound levels measured in penguin guano, feathers, and egg-shells, collected from colonies on King George Island in the austral summer of 2021/2022. We detected Hg (total) and phenolic compounds in most of the samples. We discuss our results with respect to pollutant levels reported in seabird tissues from the Baltic Sea, where anthropogenic pollutants are the major force behind the reduced health of the Baltic Sea wildlife. We show that the concentration of pollutants in penguin tissues are similar to those observed in Baltic Sea birds. We also note that Hg and phenolic compounds were detected in egg-shells and chick feathers. Finally, we offer suggestions for future efforts to monitor and understand this growing environmental threat to the Antarctic marine ecosystem.