WG-FSA-05

Information on methods aimed at mitigating incidental mortality resulting from fisheries interactions have been released in a variety of local, national and international media. Recent published reviews in the field of bycatch mitigation have typically had a species or fishing method focus. This report presents the results of the seabird component of a global review of mitigation methods aimed Read More
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A new method for estimating illegal fishing effort is put forward. The results from this new method are similar to those of the Agnew and Kirkwood (2005) method, and this suggests that the current method is adequate under circumstances of low evasion and when good knowledge exists that zero observations reflect zero illegal fishing. The new method performs better in the case of zero detections Read More
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A diet analysis of the Patagonian toothfish Dissostichus eleginoides, trawled in the South Georgia Islands area in March–April 1996, was carried out by frequency of occurrence (F%) and coefficient ‘‘Q’’ (%) methods. The samples consisted chiefly of immature specimens, with predominant length ranges of 30–70 cm (TL). Fish was by far the main food on the shelves of Shag Rocks and South Georgia, Read More
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Feeding behaviour, ecological role in the marine food web and population trend of the Antarctic Shag Phalacrocorax bransfieldensis and the South Georgia Shag P. georgianus in Antarctica are analysed. The diving depths and duration registered in these shags are the deepest and longest among all flying birds in Antarctica and match deep dives performed by small Antarctic penguins. Shag Read More
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Foraging zones used by incubating royal albatrosses (Diomedea epomophora) from the Otago Peninsula and their coincidence with fisheries activities were studied with global positioning system (GPS) loggers. Birds favoured areas around the shelf break of the eastern New Zealand continental mass, with hot spots of activity that coincided with fishing zones actively exploited by commercial trawl Read More
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At the 2004 meeting of the Working Group on Ecosystem Monitoring and Management (WG-EMM) in Siena, Italy, the UK reported on the by-catch of fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella) in the krill fishery around South Georgia, and on mitigation methods that were being developed and deployed to avoid fur seal deaths in the fishery. WG-EMM requested that the UK provide further details of the methods Read More
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This paper provides a brief descriptive analysis of some of the available data on the length of longlines used in exploratory fisheries and some of the data describing longline sink rate trials. In Sub-area 88.1 the maximum length of longline used by auto longline system vessels is approximately 15 000 m. The maximum length of longline used by Spanish longline system vessels is approximately Read More
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This report describes the activities and preliminary results of the research carried out during January 2005 onboard the FPRV ‘Dorada’ by British Antarctic Survey (BAS) Scientists on behalf of UK authorities.
Survey Objectives
The primary objectives of the proposed survey were to:
• Refine methods for estimating icefish biomass using acoustics.
• Examine temporal Read More
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On the basis of the bottom trawl surveys carried out by Russia and Great Britain during 2000, 2002, 2004 in the South Georgia area, it is demonstrated that the method by Aitchison and bootstrap method result in different estimates of mean fish density in the length series. Verification of the hypothesis of non-zero observations lognormal distribution for a large number of length groups casts Read More
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During the feeding period icefish aggregations are confined to a frontal zone between opposite flows (coastal circumfluent current and ACC) or formed inside quasistationary circulations, where the largest aggregations of food organisms are concentrated at the beginning of the spring period. Icefish concentrations were detected at the periphery of a cyclonic meander or in the centre of the Read More
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In wintering period icefish do not form aggregations, is feeding inactively and disperse at the depths more than 250 m within rather narrow temperature range (1.6-1,7ºC). In this period the water temperature is a limiting factor restricting fish distribution.
In spring-summer icefish are feeding at the water temperature from 0.0ºC to 1.9ºC in the South Georgia area and to 2.0ºC near Shag Read More
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This paper presents an analysis of the distribution of albatrosses and petrels in the CCAMLR Convention Area (areas, sub-areas, divisions and sub-divisions), based on data from the Global Procellariiform Tracking Database. The results highlight the importance of the CCAMLR area, particularly for breeding distributions of populations of Wandering, Grey-headed, Light-mantled, Black-browed and Read More
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In May and June of 2005 there was a trial of an Archipelago Marine Research video monitoring system within 58.5.2. The initial results from the monitoring of the hauling are optimistic but need to be fully analysed against the observer data that was generated for the same period. There is confidence that the trial achieved the objectives required of monitoring the hauling but the results of Read More
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Age Structured Production Model (ASPM) have been proposed and applied for Patagonian toothfish stock assessment at CCAMLR Subarea 48.3. Results obtained from this model, presented in the last meeting of WG-FSA-SAM held in Yokohama (Japan), show acceptable fit with standardized CPUE series, annual catches and observed catch length proportions (Wöhler et al., 2005 - WG-FSA-SAM 05/5).
In Read More
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The comparative analysis of fishing and investigations on Antarctic toothfish distribution in the Ross Sea (Pacific Sector of Antarctic) show the complete failure of division of Subarea 88.1 on 12 SSRUs accepted in 2003 and allocation of TACs (quotas) based on the square areas of bottom and CPUEs (kg/1000 hooks) received for the other toothfish species (Patagonian toothfish) in Subarea 48.3 ( Read More
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Now after more then 30 years studies a most valuable commercial (target) species in the CCAMLR Area two species of genus Dissostichus. They have wide circumpolar distribution but difference in latitudes of the boundaries area distribution Patagonian and Antarctic toothfish . Our comparison Patagonian toothfish from Subarea 48.3 –Is. South Georgia and Antarctic toothfish from Subarea 88.1,88.2 Read More
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This paper presents biological and fishery information available for skates from Division 58.5.2. Estimates of growth calculated from trawl-tagged, recaptured B. eatonii were 15 mm per year in total length and wing span, and 0.15kg per year in mass, indicating that this species is very slow growing. Composition of the skate bycatch by fishery and depth zone is described. Length-weight Read More
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This paper describes aspects of the Management Strategy Evaluation (MSE) being developed to evaluate possible management strategies for the Patagonian toothfish fishery in Division 58.5.2. As requested by the Subgroup on Assessment Methods, we elaborate the plausible operating models currently being used for Patagonian toothfish in Division 58.5.2, the types of data and observations of the Read More
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This paper presents bycatch information for the Australian fisheries in Divisions 58.5.2 for the 2003/2004 and 2004/2005 seasons. Bycatch in the trawl fisheries was low, generally less than 1% of the total catch (target plus bycatch). Higher percentage bycatch rates occurred in trawling grounds where the fishing effort and therefore target catch was low. Bycatch in the longline fisheries was Read More
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Southern Brazil is an important foraging ground for several albatross and petrel species during breeding and non-breeding seasons. We present information on seabirds attending longline fishing vessels on Brazilian Exclusive Economic Zone and international waters of the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean (SW), based on 262 censuses. Spectacled Petrel (Procellaria conspicillata) was the most frequent Read More
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This paper presents methods to infer the rate of movement of fish that are marked, released, and subsequently captured. The information that is available is the location and date of the release and the recapture. In addition, the intensity of fishing effort (i.e. sampling) by location and time is known. The simplest approach is to make a frequency plot of the distance between each release and Read More
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Length-dependent fishing selectivity for trawlers fishing for the Patagonian toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides) on the Heard Island Plateau (Division 58.5.2) was modelled as a 3-segment linear model, which has ascending lower and descending upper arms corresponding to lower and upper fishing selectivity and a plateau section in between for the length range where fish are assumed fully Read More
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Length-at-age data for the Patagonian toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides) caught by trawl in Division 58.5.2 were fitted using von Bertalanffy (VB) and segmented-linear models using a likelihoods that either did or did not incorporate fishing selectivity and the length-bin sampling frequencies for ageing relative to those for random length frequency (LF) samples to give the variable Read More
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Gonad samples from female Antarctic toothfish (Dissostichus mawsoni), collected during the 2003/04 and 2004/05 commercial fishing seasons in the Ross Sea to improve estimates of size of maturity, were analysed macroscopically and histologically. Progress was, however, limited because few samples of toothfish less than 80 cm and over 120 cm total length were obtained. The first part of the Read More
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The New Zealand longliners Janas and San Aspiring were authorised to operate in the Exploratory Fishery in Divisions 58.4.1 and 58.4.2 during the 2004-05 season. The results from their first season in this fishery are presented. Janas undertook 44 sets in Division 58.4.2 for a catch of 37.9 tonnes of D. mawsoni and 0.395 tonnes of D. eleginoides. Two sets were undertaken in Division 58.4.1 Read More
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Patagonian toothfish, (Dissostichus eleginoides) have traditionally been aged assuming one opaque and one translucent increment is formed each year on the sectioned face of sagittal otoliths. It has been recorded that differences in otolith interpretation exist between institutes routinely ageing D. eleginoides, resulting in differences of ageing data presented. One area that was assumed to Read More
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Patagonian toothfish, (Dissostichus eleginoides) have traditionally been aged by counting presumed growth increments on the sectioned face of sagittal otoliths. While there is a general consensus that the observed increments represent annual events, no direct validation has been provided for this species. This study attempts to validate the annual increments using strontium (Sr) marked Read More
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Information on CCAMLR fisheries of relevance to the work of WG-FSA is summarised. Where possible, summaries are in a format suitable for importing directly to the Fishery Reports. Additional fishery-related information can be found in WG-FSA-05/7, 05/8, 05/9 and 05/10 (summaries of observer data), SC-CAMLR-XXIV/BG/1 (catches in the Convention Area) SC-CAMLR-XXIV/BG/5 (summary of notification Read More
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Trials were conducted during the 2004/5 mackerel icefish (Champsocephalus gunnari) season in sub-area 48.3, to quantify seabird interaction with fishing operations, to trial different mitigation methods in an attempt to reduce seabird mortality caused by entanglement with the net and to collect baseline data on general seabird abundance while fishing.
Priority was placed on developing a Read More
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The ASPM assessment of the Prince Edward Islands toothfish resource by Brandão and Butterworth (2004) that permitted annual fluctuations about a deterministic stock-recruitment relationship is updated to take account of further catch, GLM standardised CPUE and catch-at- length information that has become available for the years 2004 and 2005. The assessment is also generalised to allow for a Read More
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One UK vessel fished around the South Sandwich Islands (Subarea 48.4) in in July, 2005 in accordance with CM 41-03. During this time fish were tagged in order to start a mark-recapture programme to assess the toothfish population. Catch rates were similar to those experienced in Subarea 48.3. The UK proposes to undertake a more extensive mark-recapture experiment in Subarea 48.4 over the 2006 Read More
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The Patagonian toothfish longline fishery set approximately 7.5 million hooks and 9.6 million hooks in 2002/03 and 2003/04, respectively. Observers were present during the setting of 59% of all lines set during 2002 – 2004 to record adherence to the above provisions and record seabird mortality. Only Black-browed albatross (Thalassarche melanophris) mortalities were recorded. Estimated total Read More
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Information on Australia’s national albatross and petrel research programs is provided to CCAMLR as requested in IMAF Intersessional Workplan Item 2.1.

A description of the autoline fishing method, including standard terminology for the fishing operation and gear used is provided.

Results from the New Zealand research survey in CCAMLR Subarea 88.3 in February 2005 are presented. While ice conditions prevented the successful completion of the full research plan as approved at CCAMLR XXIII, research activities were completed with 10 research hauls, temperature profiling, icthyoplankton sampling, toothfish tagging and biological sampling of toothfish and other species Read More
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A number of morphological and reproductive measurements made seasonally on Antarctic toothfish Dissostichus mawsoni from mid-December to early April during the 2000-01 to 2004-05 fishing seasons aboard the autoliner San Aotea II have been analysed. Results of this study indicate measurable differences in a number of indices from toothfish found on the Ross shelf proper, as distinct from those Read More
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Research undertaken in New Zealand on seabird interactions with fisheries, and research into the population status and distribution at sea of New Zealand seabirds is documented.

This report obtains estimates of observer coverage required to predict the total numbers of incidental seabird captures (albatross and petrel taxa combined) in a fishery with a specified coefficient of variation. Fisheries analysed are determined by the quality and the availability of data and a known history of seabird captures: the trawl fisheries targeting hoki in the Sub-Antarctic, on the Read More
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A review of the use and effectiveness of research lines as a data collection and effort spreading tool within the Ross Sea exploratory toothfish fishery (CCAMLR statistical Subareas 88.1 and 88.2) is presented. The increase in the number of vessels in the exploratory fishery in Subareas 88.1 and 88.2, combined with the greater number of Small Scale Research Units (SSRUs) and the amount of data Read More
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The New Zealand sea lion is taken incidental to trawl fisheries within New Zealand’s fisheries waters. About 99% of the incidental sea lion take occurs within the Auckland Islands region in association with a seasonal trawl fishery for squid. From 1995 through 2004, an estimated 79 (SD ± 35) sea lions were taken annually, incidental to trawl squid fisheries. The threatened classification of Read More
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An initiative to provide training exchanges in seabird mitigation was trialled in 2004. The aim was to provide a placement for a fisher from a Latin American county on board a vessel operating in the New Zealand fishery, which had a proven record of seabird-friendly fishing techniques. The report documents the process and outcomes of the first exchange to occur, which was for the placement of Read More
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Following the review by Alderman (unpublished) and Bull (unpublished) of research into seabird-fishery interactions, a set of recommendations were made by the Science Advisory Group to the National Plan of Action – Seabirds. The recommendations were developed under six main topic areas: a) mitigation research; b) estimation of bycatch; c) population estimation and modelling; d) foraging Read More
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To facilitate research and analysis of factors influencing bycatch of marine mammals, sea turtles, and seabirds in longline fisheries, a workshop was organized to develop “best practices” in observer data collections. The workshop was held in conjunction with the International Fisheries Observer Conference, November 8-11, 2004, in Sydney, Australia.
The objectives of the workshop were to Read More
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A compilation of US research on seabirds vulnerable to fisheries interactions.

Revisions to the current tagging protocols for tag-release and recapture of toothfish in the Ross Sea are described, including revised instructions, layout, and revisions to the data capture forms.

Research into seabird interactions with fisheries was reviewed. Only recent research (post 1990), and in relation to direct effects of fishing through fisheries mortalities was considered. The research was divided into five main groupings: a) estimation of bycatch; b) population estimation and modelling; c) foraging studies; d) molecular research; and e) management efficacy. Research on Read More
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The paper documents a protocol for assessing warp strike occurrence for seabirds in trawl fisheries, and sets out the sampling plan, forms and protocols used to sample warp strikes in the southern squid fishery in 2005 in New Zealand. Results of this sampling are set out in Abraham (unpublished – also submitted to WG-FSA).

This report contains an analysis of data on seabird trawl-warp strike collected by fisheries observers. The survey was carried out in the southern squid trawl fishery (SQU6T/1T) over the summer of 2004 – 2005. The aim of the work was to test a new protocol for quantifying warp-strikes and to assess the factors (fishery, environmental, and behavioural, temporal) that appeared to influence the Read More
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A survey of Mackerel Icefish, Champsocephalus gunnari,was undertaken in Division 58.5.2 in the vicinity of Heard Island in June 2005 to provide the information for an assessment of short-term annual yield in the 2005/2006 CCAMLR season. This paper provides a preliminary assessment of yield using the assessment methods of CCAMLR. It is proposed that a one-year projection be used in the Read More
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The development of the National Plan of Acton for Reducing the Incidental Catch of seabirds in Chile is presented.

We carried out a pilot research program in collaboration with industry to identify techniques for future testing that are likely to reduce seabird interactions with catcher processor trawl vessels operating the Bering Sea fishery for pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) and that are practical and safe. Emphasis was placed on reducing seabird interactions with trawl cables: nets warps, as well as Read More
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Given the lack of information on appropriate seabird avoidance measures for small Alaskan longline vessels, we determined the “2-m access window”, or the distance astern that longline hooks were accessible to surface foraging Alaska seabirds, for 8 fishing vessels > 7.9 m to 16.8 m (> 26 to 55 feet) using two gear types: snap-on gear and fixed gear. We also determined the capability of Read More
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In our study skeletal elements from fish species of the Antarctic waters were extracted by bioenzyme and compared with the aim to provide a computer supported identification system, including a database of bone pictures and in the near future various identification keys as well, completed by a simple tool to compare the same skeletal elements of different species. In the database most of the Read More
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An updated descriptive analysis of the toothfish tagging programme carried out in Subareas 88.1 and 88.2 since 2001 is presented. Tag-release and tag-recapture data are presented for both toothfish species for the Ross Sea (Subareas 88.1 and SSRUs 88.2A–B), and SSRU 88.2E for New Zealand vessels. A total of 4903 Antarctic toothfish have been released and 89 recaptured, and 443 Patagonian Read More
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This report outlines a Bayesian sex and age structured population stock assessment model for Antarctic toothfish (Dissostichus mawsoni) in the Ross Sea (Subareas 88.1 and SSRUs 88.2A–B). A range of model sensitivities were examined, with the base case assuming the Ross Sea fishery as a single homogeneous area (single-area) with catch removals from three spatially based fisheries (shelf, slope Read More
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The Ross Sea toothfish fishery has operated during the Antarctic summer (November–May) since 1997 in CCAMLR Subareas 88.1 and 88.2. Previously, standardised analysis of toothfish CPUE (catch per hook) have been carried out in 2004 calculated CPUE indices for the 1997–98 to 2003–04 fishing years in Subarea 88.1 and 88.2. This report revises and updates the previous analysis with the addition of Read More
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This report outlines a Bayesian sex and age structured population stock assessment model for Antarctic toothfish (Dissostichus mawsoni) in SSRU 88.2E. The model structure was assumed to be the same as used for the Antarctic toothfish in the Ross Sea (see Dunn et al. 2005b), except that catch removals were modelled as a single fishery.
Model fits to the data were adequate, with the tag- Read More
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A survey of Patagonian toothfish, Dissostichus eleginoides,was undertaken in Division 58.5.2 in the vicinity of Heard Island in June 2005 to provide the information for an assessment of short-term annual yield in the 2005/2006 CCAMLR season. This paper provides a preliminary assessment of yield for the area of Division 58.5.2 to the west of 79°20’ E using standard CCAMLR methods. It also Read More
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The exploratory fishery for Antarctic toothfish (D. mawsoni) has been operating for eight years in Subarea 88.1 and for four years in Subarea 88.2 with a large amount of data collected on toothfish and the associated bycatch.
The 2005 D. mawsoni catch was the highest on record with a total of 3477 t against a catch limit of 3625 t. The catch limit was almost reached in Subarea 88.1 and Read More
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Results of samples’ processing fixed from Sub-area 88.1 in the 2003-2004 season aboard f/v «Yantar» operating in the Exploratory Fishery were presented.
According to the results of investigation of oocytes’ size composition and histological researches of ovaries at different maturation level it was ascertained that intermittent oogenesis type and synchronic development of the nearest Read More
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The Patagonian toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides) has been fished in the Kerguelen Islands zone for 20 years, firstly with trawlers and more recently with longliners. It is the oldest fishery of the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean. However IUU fishing has appeared in 1997. A GLM analysis has been performed from the statistical data of the legal fishery to assess the factors affecting the Read More
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This document indicates our intention to get admission for adopting new longline system instead of Spanish longline system to exploratory longline fisheries for Dissostichus spp. in Subarea 48.6 in 2005/06 season, showing difference between two systems by two figures, and explaining the reason why we want to adopt new system with results of bottle test.

The First Meeting of the Advisory Committee to the Agreement on the Conservation of Albatrosses and Petrels was held in Hobart from 20-22 July 2005. This meeting followed the First Session of the Meeting of the Parties, held in Hobart from 10-12 November 2004.
Eleven Parties have ratified the Agreement of which six were represented at the Advisory Committee meeting. In addition three Read More
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A standardised CPUE analysis was used to determine factors affecting bycatch rates of rattails (Macrourus spp.) and skates in the exploratory fishery for toothfish in the Ross Sea (CCAMLR Subareas 88.1 & 88.2). The analysis was based on fine-scale haul-by-haul (C2) data and observer data from all vessels in the fishery from 1997/98 to 2004/05. The major factors influencing rattail bycatch Read More
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Age estimates of mackerel icefish from different laboratories obtained during a CCAMLR ototlith exchange programme in the late 1980’s revealed considerable differences between readers when fish older than 3 or 4 years were aged. These differences could not be reconciled at the end of the exchange. A second age determination workshop on mackerel icefish to improve the accuracy of age Read More
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This report presents results from a desktop study to consider approaches to monitoring and assessing rattails and skates, which are major bycatch species in the exploratory fishery for toothfish in the Ross Sea. We review standardised CPUE analysis, quantitative research longline surveys, experimental manipulation of fishing effort, catch-curve analysis, tagging programmes, bottom trawl Read More
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This report presents risk categorization tables for Macrourus whitsoni and Amblyraja georgiana, which are the major bycatch species in the exploratory fishery for toothfish in the Ross Sea.
Amblyraja georgiana were categorized as risk status 3 – species that are exploited as bycatch, and have a limited reproductive potential, and/or other life history characteristics that make them Read More
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Juveniles of the macrourid rattail Macrourus whitsoni were collected by the NIWA research vessel Tangaroa during the BioRoss survey of the Western Ross Sea and Balleny Islands, with the purpose of analyzing the otoliths to generate more accurate age estimates for this species. Intensive analysis of otoliths from small specimens greatly increased confidence in the interpretation of the zone Read More
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During the 2005 fishing season experiments on the survivorship of post-tag toothfish were carried out on 8 different vessels fishing in 48.3. Toothfish were selected for tagging as normal, and then were kept in tanks with varying degrees of seawater replacement for at least 12 hours after tagging. On one vessel fish with a variety of injuries were selected to see if this affected recovery. 395 Read More
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The derivation of all parameters used in the assessments of toothfish using CASAL and the Petersen mark-recapture estimator in papers WG-FSA-05/16 and 17 are described.

The mark-recapture experiment continued at South Georgia in 2005. In total some 8000 fish have now been tagged in 48.3, and both tagging effort, fishing effort and recaptures were well – distributed over the whole of the fishable grounds in 48.3 this year. The Petersen mark-recapture estimator, which has been applied previously and described in detail by Agnew et al (2004) and Payne et al ( Read More
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The CASAL software has been successfully applied to an assessment of the stock of toothfish around South Georgia in Subarea 48.3. Both point estimate (“MPD”) and MCMC runs were carried out, with an extensive range of sensitivity tests and examination of diagnostics.
A baseline assessment model was selected to best represent the fishery and the available data sources. This incorporated Read More
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At the request of the Scientific Committee, the Secretariat has prepared a single reference document which provides guidelines for the submission of meeting documents to the Scientific Committee, WG-EMM and WG-FSA (including ad hoc WG-IMAF).
In doing so, the Secretariat noted some Working Group-specific differences in relation to: submission deadline; exception to the deadline; and Read More
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The purpose of this document is to inform CCAMLR of the results of a satellite tracking program on black-browed albatrosses and light-mantled sooty albatrosses at Heard Island (Division 58.4.2). This was the first time the movements of either species from the island had been studied. Ten black-browed albatrosses and five light-mantled sooty albatrosses were tracked between December 2003 and Read More
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This purpose of this document is to inform CCAMLR of work-in-progress in the Australian eastern tuna and billfish fishery (ETBF) of potential relevance to the conservation of Convention area seabirds. The research plan includes (a) a line weighting experiment on a chartered tuna vessel to determine the effect of line weighting regimes and bait type on the sink rate of longlines. This Read More
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This document seeks the approval of CCAMLR for a research plan to improve the seabird by-catch mitigation effectiveness of the Spanish system of longline fishing. The plan also aims to reduce the amount of fishing gear (and ghost fishing) lost in benthic habitats by Spanish system vessels in the Convention area and, potentially, in other fisheries where Spanish system vessels operate. A step- Read More
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Soon after longlining on Patagonian toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides) started in the Southern Ocean in the second half of the 1980’s, interactions of cetaceans with these fisheries became apparent. The two species primarily involved were orcas (killer whales) (Orcinus orca) and male sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus). Both species took substantial number of fish from the line primarily Read More
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