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    Bacterial epibiont communities of panmictic Antarctic krill are spatially structured

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    Document Number:
    WG-EMM-2022/P08
    Author(s):
    L. Clarke, L. Suter, R. King, A. Bissett, S. Bestley and D. Deagle
    Submitted By:
    Dr Philippe Ziegler (Australia)
    Approved By:
    Dr Philippe Ziegler (Australia)
    Publication:
    Mol. Ecol., 2021. 30: 1042-1052, doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.15771
    Abstract

    Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) are amongst the most abundant animals on Earth, with a circumpolar distribution in the Southern Ocean. Genetic and genomic studies have failed to detect any population structure for the species, suggesting a single panmictic population. However, the hyper-abundance of krill slows the rate of genetic differentiation, masking potential underlying structure. Here we use high-throughput sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA genes to show that krill bacterial epibiont communities exhibit spatial structuring, driven mainly by distance rather than environmental factors, especially for strongly krill-associated bacteria. Estimating the ecological processes driving bacterial community turnover indicated this was driven by bacterial dispersal limitation increasing with geographic distance. Furthermore, divergent epibiont communities generated from a single krill swarm split between aquarium tanks under near-identical conditions suggests physical isolation in itself can cause krill-associated bacterial communities to diverge. Our findings show that Antarctic krill-associated bacterial communities are geographically structured, in direct contrast with the lack of structure observed for krill genetic and genomic data.