From Bremerhaven to Santiago: Reflections on CCAMLR MPA discussions

Several documents submitted by ASOC to the CCAMLR Special Meeting II in Bremerhaven, Germany in 2013 discussed key topics related to MPA design and function: duration of MPAs, the precautionary principle, the climate benefits of MPAs, and the opportunity MPAs presented to CCAMLR. In this paper, ASOC reflects on how discussions since CCAMLR-SM-II have addressed these topics, and underscores the historic opportunity of the CCAMLR Special Meeting III in Santiago in 2023 to get on with the task of protecting the globally significant Southern Ocean.