WG-FSA-08

Information on CCAMLR fisheries of relevance to the work of WG-FSA is summarised, including availability of data, data-related developments in 2007/08, catches in assessed and exploratory fisheries, and updates to WG-FSA’s Fishery Reports. Additional fishery-related information can be found in WG-FSA-08/5 to 08/8 (summaries of observer data), SC-CAMLR-XXVII/BG/1 (catches in the Convention Area Read More
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CCAMLR Members monitor beached debris, entanglement of marine mammals, marine debris associated with seabird colonies and animals contaminated with hydrocarbons at a number of sites, primarily in Area 48. Overall non-fishing debris items (mostly packaging items) have made up the majority of debris reported from monitoring sites. Relatively large amounts of fishing items have been reported at Read More
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The paper presents an estimate of IUU catches of toothfish during the 2007/08 fishing season, using the standard methodology.

We conducted a survey to investigate the factors influencing the number of seabirds attending a research vessel during scientific trawling activities near the northern Antarctic Peninsula. Our objective was to assess whether seabirds exhibited differing levels of attendance that may be attributed to fishing activity. Counts of seabirds attending the vessel were made during non-fishing periods Read More
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Scientific data were obtained during the fishery cruise of Spanish long-liner «Tronio» in the areas of the Ross Sea and the Antarctic continental shelf (statistical subareas 88.1 and 58.4.1) outside the exclusive (marine) economic zones of foreign states, in the period from 5 November, 2007 till 24 March, 2008. In the paper size characteristics of Antarctic and Patagonian toothfishes caught in Read More
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Two species of deep-sea skates (Rajidae, Chondrichthyes) are newly recorded from the slope of the Crozet Archipelago. Specimens are preserved in collections, morpho-anatomical observations and molecular Barcoding are currently in process to identify that species.

On the results of some field materials collected from 2002 till 2008, on the basis of length composition analysis of individuals, weight of females’ gonads and sex ratio an attempt was made to select locations and periods of Antarctic toothfish mass spawning in some areas of the Pacific Ocean and Indian Ocean sectors of the Antarctic. In the Ross Sea area the most probable areas are the Read More
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The Uruguayan-flagged longliner Banzare experienced sea-ice related, operational difficulties in implementing the CCAMLR Tagging Protocol in Division 58.4.1 in 2007/08. Extensive sea-ice cover greatly increased the transit times between research haul locations, which resulted in long soak times and a high mortality rate of fish on these lines; only fish with a high chance of survival were Read More
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Antarctic toothfish (Dissostichus mawsoni) are subject to an increasingly important commercial fishery in the Southern Ocean, yet many of their life history characteristics, including vital rates, remain unknown. In this study, Antarctic toothfish were aged using otolith age estimation criteria established for Patagonian toothfish, D. eleginoides, a closely related species. To validate Read More
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The Ross Sea has been geologically characterized by tectonic and glacial processes. These processes have created diverse habitat, including distinct banks and basins. For many fish species the availability of habitat is critical to the long-term viability of the population. Antarctic toothfish (Dissostichus mawsoni) are subject to an increasingly important commercial fishery in the Ross Sea Read More
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Conservation Measure 22-06, in the absence of site-specific or other conservation measures to prevent significant adverse impact on vulnerable marine ecosystems, requires specific actions to be taken when evidence of a Vulnerable Marine Ecosystem (VME) is encountered in the course of fishing operations. Monitoring fishing operations for encounters with evidence of a potential VME entails Read More
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Photographs of skates taken by observers on New Zealand toothfish longliners in the Ross Sea were identified to species. Sample sizes were small, but indicated a ratio of 10.75:1 of Amblyraja georgiana to B. cf. eatonii, which is consistent with a previous estimate based on a large sample of tagged skates. Biological parameters were reviewed and updated for Amblyraja georgiana. Revised length- Read More
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A previous study on the age and growth of Amblyraja georgiana in the Ross Sea suggested that these skates initially grow very rapidly for about five years, after which growth almost ceases (Francis and Ó Maolagáin, 2005). We present an alternative interpretation of age and growth in A. georgiana that is radically different from the published interpretation. By counting fine growth bands in the Read More
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The exploratory fishery for Antarctic toothfish (D. mawsoni) has been operating for eleven years in Subarea 88.1 and for six years in Subarea 88.2. This report summarises the large amount of data collected on toothfish and the associated bycatch by all vessels participating in the fishery. All SSRUs in the two subareas except for 88.1D and 88.2C have now been fished. The 2008 D. mawsoni catch Read More
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Preliminary analysed data obtained from bottom fishing in 1987, 1989 from Cosmonaut and Cooperation Seas. Presented frequency of occurrence of immature Dissostichus mawsoni in catches of bottom trawls and juvenile Dissostichus mawsoni in catches of mid-water trawls during krill fishing in the same regions. Some grounds of these seas are permanent feeding places of Dissostichus mawsoni.

During the seventeenth year of standardised beach surveys of man-made debris at Bird Island, South Georgia (covering the period 1 October 2006 to 30 September 2007) a total of 365 items were collected. This represents a reduction by 33% on the 544 items recorded in 2005/06 and a decrease in mass of 1.72 kg (32%). The distribution of debris between the summer and winter was similar to the five Read More
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This report describes and quantifies occurrences of fishing gear, marine debris and hydrocarbons associated with seabirds at Bird Island, South Georgia for the period 1 April 2007 to 31 March 2008. It is the fifteenth such annual report. As in previous years, the majority of items (84%) of marine debris and fishing gear (mostly hooks and lines from longline fisheries) were found in association Read More
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This report details the twelfth annual survey of the incidence of entanglements of Antarctic fur seals Arctocephalus gazella and eighteenth beach survey of man-made debris at Signy Island, South Orkney Islands. Data are reported for the period 14 November 2007 to 13 March 2008. Three seals were observed with neck collars formed from fisheries related debris. Beach surveys recovered a total of Read More
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Results of the survey of entanglements of Antarctic fur seals Arctocephalus gazella at Bird Island, South Georgia for the 18th consecutive winter (April to October 2007) and 20th consecutive summer (November 2007 to March 2008) are reported here. During the reporting period of 1 April 2007 to 31 March 2008 a total of 36 entangled seals were observed. Sixteen and 20 entanglements were observed Read More
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In April 2008 the UK undertook a bottom trawl survey of CCAMLR Sub-Area 48.3 on the FV Sil, with 70 bottom trawls undertaken giving good geographic coverage. Using 10 strata and the updated sea-floor areas and adjusting this for the low headline height of the UK trawl (see CCAMLR WG-FSA (2003), the biomass of mackerel icefish was estimated to be 80,426 tonnes, with a lower 1-sided 95% CI of 30 Read More
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Ontogenetic, inter-annual and regional variations in diet were investigated in mackerel icefish, Champsocephalus gunnari, in three successive summer seasons around South Georgia. Stomachs from 2239 icefish (130-560 mm total length) were examined. A bootstrapping technique was used to calculate confidence intervals for an index of relative importance (% IRIDC) of prey categories. Diet varied Read More
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An ongoing mark and recapture experiment for skates was commenced by New Zealand fishing vessels in the Ross Sea (CCAMLR Subareas 88.1 and 88.2) in 1999/2000. Based on preliminary results from this programme showing an unquantifiable degree of the survivorship of returned skates, the CCAMLR Scientific Committee gave approval in 2004 for licensed vessels to cut live skates from the line (while Read More
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during February and March 2008 as part of the International Polar Year. The main aim of the survey was to carry out a Census of Antarctic Marine Life in this regionfocussing on sampling the pelagic and benthic habitats on the shelf, slope, abyss, and seamounts in the Ross Sea region (CCAMLR Subarea 88.1). The shelf and slope were stratified by depth and at least three random trawls completed Read More
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Catch limits currently in place for macrourids in Subareas 88.1 and 88.2 are defined as being equal to 16% of the catch limit of Dissostichusspp. in these subareas. The 16% was based on the ratio of the by-catch limit for macrourids to the catch limit for Dissostichus spp. in Division 58.5.2 in 2002/03 (CCAMLR-XXI, para 11.53). The bycatch limit for macrourids in Division 58.5.2 had in turn Read More
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Age and growth of spiny icefish, Chaenodraco wilsoni, were investigated using counts of annual growth increments from sagittal otoliths. Samples were collected during research surveys by benthic trawl carried out off Joinville-D’Urville Islands (Antarctic Peninsula) in February-March 2006 and January 2007. A total of 218 specimens were selected for the study, consisting of 120 females and 98 Read More
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The paper is based on materials on D.mawsoni feeding collected by authors in the four near-continental seas of the Indian Ocean Antarctic area (Dupont D’Urville, Mawson, Davis, and Cosmonaut Seas) and on the Banzare Bank during 2004-2008. The food relationships are considered. The qualitative and quantitative composition of diet for young and adult Antarctic toothfish is studied. The Read More
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The results of the microscopic analyses of the Antarctic toothfish (Dissostichus mawsoni) fecundity and eggs size, caught in December-March the Pacific and Indian Ocean area of the Antarctica are presented. We analyzed the main reproductive characteristics which determinate the individual fecundity of the Antarctic toothfish: individual absolute fecundity by the largest oocytes, share of Read More
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This paper proposes that, for fishers whose vessels comply with certain conditions, the requirement in Protocol C1 of Conservation Measure 24-02 to test the sink rate of integrated weight longlines (IWL) before entering the Convention Area is an impost on fishers that is no longer warranted. Testing could instead be conducted in the first week of fishing inside the Convention Area, potentially Read More
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This paper provides a summary of longline and trawl fishing effort, seabird bycatch, and seabird bycatch mitigation measures in Australian fisheries outside the Convention Area. Mandatory seabird bycatch mitigation measures are in place in all longline fisheries within Australia's national jurisdiction. Seabird bycatch is generally low and typically below 0.05 birds per 1000 hooks. Seabird Read More
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This paper describes a new vessel modification to allow setting of longlines via a stern-setting tunnel, and the proposed experimentation to evaluate this method's effect on the sink rate of demersal integrated weight longline (IWL). The stern setting tunnel consists of an elongated steel tube, built in to the longliner during a dry-dock refit. The tube angles downwards from where the line Read More
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A proposal to undertake scientific research in CCAMLR Subarea 58.4.4 over the 2008-2009 seasons is introduced. The first survey has been undertaken by a commercial fishing vessel, Shinsei Maru No.3, in 07/08 season covering the whole SSRUs (Small Scale Research Units). In the course of this first year survey, important information, including information on distribution of toothfish, size Read More
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Japan proposes the revision of the Conservation Measure 41-04(2007): Limits on the explratory fishery for Dissostichus spp. in statistical subarea 48.6 in the 2008/09 season.

The results of analysis of stomachs of Antarctic toothfish D. mawsoni caught by the Spanish longline from the longliner “Yantar” in the Ross and Amundsen Seas during the period from 29 December, 2006 to 3 March, 2007 are presented. The comparative analysis of diet composition of Antarctic toothfish in different small-scale research units (SSRU) of subareas 88.1 and 88.2 is given. The graphs of Read More
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Detailed review on the food and feeding of Antarctic fish

Exploratory fisheries for Dissostichus spp. have been operating in these regions for a number of consecutive years with the tagging of toothfish a prerequisite for the legal fishery. This paper presents a detailed study of the catch and effort trends in Divisions 58.4.1 and 58.4.2 and examines 4 assessment methods based on comparative CPUE trends, local depletions, a constant recruitment model Read More
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1. Paired trials were undertaken to compare toothfish catch rates and by-catch composition on Spanish system longlines with those on ‘trotlines’ fitted with cetacean exclusion devices (cachalotera nets). 2. CPUE (kg/1000 hooks and kg/set) was greater for trotlines than Spanish system lines when cetaceans were present. This difference increased with increasing abundance of cetaceans Read More
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The provisions for fishing season and mitigation measures in Conservation Measure 24-02 (2005) regulating fishing in Subarea 48.4 do not currently conform to the IMAF Risk Assessment advice given in CCAMLR-XXIV/BG/26. The UK proposes text that should be added to CM 24-02 to bring the measure into line with the Risk Assessment, which would allow fishing outside season April – September if it is Read More
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1. So far a total of 929 D. eleginoides have been tagged and released at Subarea 48.4 and 25 tagged fish have been recaptured, including 23 during the latest season. 2. A preliminary assessment of D. eleginoides stock size in the Northern Area of 48.4 estimates a vulnerable biomass of between 1,000 to 2,000 tonnes. 3. The UK proposes to continue the mark-recapture experiment in Subarea 48.4 in Read More
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This paper documents recent and ongoing developments in New Zealand’s Exclusive Economic Zone that are relevant to the work of WG-IMAF. These developments include refinement of the requirement of fishing practices to reduce seabird bycatch by surface longline vessels and the introduction of regulations to reduce seabird bycatch by bottom longline vessels. The bycatch of seabirds by fisheries Read More
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Through generalised linear models, the gonadosomatic index of Antarctic toothfish in the Ross Sea region was shown to vary with latitude, length and month. Limitations of the scientific observers’ staging data were highlighted and GSI is recommended as a better indicator of maturity status in Antarctic toothfish. Reports of histological analyses of a small number of Antarctic toothfish showed Read More
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Skates are an important bycatch of the toothfish fishery in the CCAMLR area and have been identified as priority taxa for which assessments of status are required (e.g., SC-CCAMLR XXIII 2004, paragraphs 4.172, 4.177 and 4.199). While Dunn et al. (2007) and Agnew et al. (2007) have developed preliminary assessment models for skates, they also highlighted that further information was required Read More
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The aim of this paper is to review the recent management of the Ross Sea toothfish fishery (including the 3-year experiment), to identify key operational and research objectives for the fishery over the next 5–7 years in relation to Article II of the Convention, and to develop an operational framework to achieve those objectives. The paper focuses primarily on Antarctic toothfish, as catches Read More
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We examined a methodology for assessing potential risk of interactions between fisheries and species of special interest (seabirds and marine mammals) by applying a Productivity-Susceptibility Analysis to a data set of species distribution, biological information and fishing effort. This type of Level Two Ecological Risk Assessment (ERA) has been used across fishery management regimes to Read More
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The New Zealand fishing company Sanford Limited has initiated a research project to assess the effectiveness of artificial bait as a means of reducing the incidental catch of Macrouridae (rattails) and other bycatch species in the toothfish autoline longline fishery. A company vessel carried out some initial experimental work in the western Ross Sea (CCAMLR Statistical Subarea 88.1) in 2007 to Read More
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This paper presents a framework to assess and quantify the likely cumulative impact on potential VMEs from bottom fishing activity. The approach has been designed to facilitate standardized application across gear types and areas to allow comparisons between fisheries employing different bottom impacting fishing methods. Details of the New Zealand preliminary assessment using this framework Read More
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A non-hierarchical seabird identification key has been produced to improve the identification of seabirds that come into contact with or are seen in the vicinity of fishing operations in the Heard and McDonald Islands region. This paper provides the background and reasoning behind the development of this key.

Tagging of the three species of skates taken as by-catch in the Heard Island and McDonald Islands toothfish fishery, Bathyraja eatonii, B. irrasa and B. murrayi has taken place over the last eight years with nearly 6,000 skates tagged. The recapture rate has been low, less than one percent. Movement after tagging shows that these fish are recaptured only short distances from where they were Read More
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A survey of mackerel icefish, Champsocephalus gunnari, was undertaken in Division 58.5.2 in the vicinity of Heard Island in July 2008 to provide the information for an assessment of short-term annual yield in the 2008/2009 CCAMLR season. This paper provides a preliminary assessment of yield for the area of Division 58.5.2 to the west of 79o 20’ E using standard CCAMLR methods. The strong year Read More
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In May 2008, a randomised longline survey, consisting of 15 standardised sets over 2 strata covering areas of commercial fishing activity was conducted from aboard the Australian flagged longliner FV Janas BANZARE Bank within CCAMLR Statistical Division 58.4.3b. Catch rates were very low, ranging between 0 and 225 kg.1000 hooks-1, consistent with toothfish being depleted to low densities Read More
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During a longline survey on BANZARE Bank (Division 58.4.3b) in May 2008, an in-line video camera recorded the interactions between the main line and the benthos during setting and hauling. Footage revealed that after setting the line moved very little, despite cross currents. During hauling, the section of line visible to the camera swept sideways, interacting with sessile benthic organisms Read More
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At CCAMLR-XXVI the Working Group on Fish Stock Assessment (WG-FSA) noted a lack of specific reference material for the identification of benthic invertebrates in areas specific to which observers carry out their activities (SC-CAMLR-XXVI: Annex 5, paragraph 6.32). To improve the standard of observer identifications and also to assist in the identification of vulnerable areas, the Scientific Read More
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The paper updates Fenaughty and Bennett (2005), Longlining Operations on New Zealand Autoline Vessels Fishing for Toothfish in CCAMLR Waters. Additional information is included listing and discussing circumstances and scenarios occurring with the method. A definition of the fundamental unit of gear (a ‘line’) for longlines is proposed for the purposes of regulation and management. Current Read More
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The Fouth Meeting of the ACAP’s Advisory Committee was held in Cape Town, South Africa from 22 – 25 August 2008. It was preceded by a meeting of the Seabird Bycatch Working Group (SBWG) on 17-18 August 2008. This paper provides a report on the SBWG meeting. The Working Group reviewed methods to reduce seabird bycatch in trawl fisheries, and noted that the body of work investigating and Read More
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New Zealand proposes to conduct a scientific research survey during the austral winter in CCAMLR SSRUs 88.1B, 88.1C and, ice permitting, 88.1G in 2008/09, as the first in a three year time series. The proposal is for a targeted longline survey designed to cover critical gaps in the knowledge of the life cycle of D. mawsoni in the Ross Sea by collecting biological samples from a broad spread of Read More
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Tag recapture rates in new and exploratory Dissostichus spp. fisheries in the southern Indian Ocean sector of the CCAMLR area are examined. In particular, the potential for tagging programs in new and exploratory fisheries to yield sufficient data to be of use in determining TAC’s in the early stages of fishery development is considered. Scenarios are developed using a range of tag release Read More
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CCAMLR adopted a new conservation measure in 2007 (CM 22-06) to ensure that significant adverse impacts of bottom fishing gear on Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems (VMEs) are avoided. Due to the high levels of uncertainty surrounding both the evidence of VME presence and the consequences of interaction with different types of gear, a risk management framework is proposed, similar to that which has Read More
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This paper reports on the one-day workshop held at the CCAMLR Headquarters, Hobart, Australia on 10th October 2008 to review the future of the ad hoc WG-IMAF. The workshop briefly reviewed the history of ad hoc WG-IMAF and considered the current work programme of CCAMLR with respect to the current and future role of ad hoc WG-IMAF. The workshop briefly considered future scenarios under which Read More
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The Antarctic toothfish (Dissostichus mawsoni) exhibits a circumpolar distribution in coastal waters south of the Antarctic Polar Front. For a preliminary evaluation of global population structure in this species, we examined four mitochondrial regions and 13 nuclear gene fragments in samples from four CCAMLR Subareas in the Southern Ocean (Australian Antarctic Territory (Subarea 58.4.2), Ross Read More
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(Ant. Sci., 20 (4): 327–338 (2008) doi:10.1017/S0954102008000965)

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Recruitment variability in juvenile Patagonian toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides), a commercially important, deepwater nototheniid fish, was examined at the sub-Antarctic island of South Georgia, South Atlantic. Data from 13 demersal trawl surveys conducted over a 20-year period were analysed. Abundance of the 1+ juvenile fish cohort (13 to 15 month old dependent on survey date) was found to Read More
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(Mar. Biol., 155 (5): 493–503 (2008) 10.1007/s00227-008-1047-3)

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Strong contrasts in ambient isotope ratios and in diet suggest stable isotopes in the otoliths of oceanic fish can resolve water masses and geographic areas, promising a powerful multivariate approach for examining population structure and provenance. To test this, whole otoliths were taken from Patagonian toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides) sampled off the Patagonian Shelf and South Georgia Read More
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(Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 71: 87–94 (2007) doi:10.1016/j.gca.2006.08.030)

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Pronounced environmental trends across fronts suggest that the otolith chemistry of oceanic fish can resolve zones on either side, promoting application to population questions at similar spatial scales. Trace and minor elements laid down immediately prior to capture – along the edges of otoliths from Patagonian toothfish Dissostichus eleginoides – discriminated frontal zones in the Antarctic Read More
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(Mar. Ecol. Progr. Ser., 351: 249–260 (2007) doi: 10.3354/meps07153)

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Large-scale transport of seawater in ocean currents may generate spatially complex population structure through the advection of life stages of marine fish species. To test this, we compared the chemistry of otolith nuclei from Patagonian toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides), presently managed as spatially discrete populations corresponding to fishery management areas along the Antarctic Read More
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(Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 65: 135–146 (2008) doi:10.1139/F07-158)

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rrent (ACC), especially around the Kerguelen Islands. However, there is little quantitative knowledge of the current field around the islands due to lack of long-term current measurements. We performed a systematic analysis of a total of 28917 points of fishing gear drifts from setting and recovery positions of demersal longlines deployed between 2002 and 2007 for Patagonian toothfish ( Read More
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(Geophys. Res. Lett., 35 L09604 (2008) doi:10.1029/2008GL033660)

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