Preliminary framework of pollutants non-invasive monitoring approach

The Antarctic Peninsula is increasingly impacted by both global pollution transport and local human activities. This study proposes a standardized, non-invasive framework for monitoring environmental contaminants - specifically heavy metals (Hg, Pb, Cd, As) and phenolic compounds (BPA, 4-NP, 4-t-OP) - using Pygoscelis penguins as sentinel species. Leveraging the differing ecological behaviors of chinstrap and gentoo penguins enables the assessment of both regional and local contamination. Samples such as feathers, guano, and eggshells are collected without disturbing wildlife and analyzed through established protocols including HPLC and ICP-MS. This approach aims to complement existing CCAMLR Ecosystem Monitoring Program (CEMP) efforts by filling spatial and methodological gaps in pollutant monitoring. Despite logistical and analytical challenges, this framework presents a cost-effective, ethically responsible method for detecting ecological change and informing conservation strategies in the fragile Antarctic environment.